結論: TSLはTOEICの英文に出る語だけを集めた1,250語のリストです。日常英語の頻出リストNGSLとは1語も重ならないため、単独では使えません。NGSLなどの土台を先に固め、その上に積み増す使い方が前提になります。
TSLは「NGSLの続き」として作られたリスト
TSLはTOEIC Service Listの略です。Browne, C., & Culligan, B. (2016) が公開しました。
TOEICの英文を大量に集めたコーパスを数えて作ります。コーパスとは、文章を大量に集めた「言葉の倉庫」のようなものです。その倉庫の中でよく出る語を、頻度の高い順に並べたものがTSLです。
数え方の単位は見出し語です。見出し語とは、活用形をまとめた代表の形を指します。go / goes / went を「go」1語として数える、あの数え方です。この単位で1,250語あります。
ここが一番大事な点です。TSLは、それだけで完結するリストではありません。設計そのものが「日常英語の頻出語には入らない語を拾う」形になっています。
土台になるのはNGSLです。NGSLはNew General Service Listの略で、日常英語でよく出る2,809語を集めたリストです。TSLはその外側だけを担当します。
単語帳にたとえるなら、TSLは基礎編ではなく別冊です。基礎編を終えた人が次に開く1冊にあたります。別冊だけを先にやる使い方は、設計と噛み合いません。
重なりゼロという実測
greencafe編集部が、NGSLの2,809語とTSLの1,250語を突き合わせました。結果は共通0語でした。1語も重なりません。
これは既存の論文にはない独自の集計です。ただし驚くような結果ではありません。設計どおりに出た数字だからです。
Browne (2013) は、NGSLを「日常英語の土台を最小の語数で覆うリスト」として説明しています。土台が2,809語で固まっているなら、TOEICのための補充リストは、その外側を探すのが合理的です。同じ語を二度並べても、学習者の手間が増えるだけだからです。
この0語という数字には、実用上の意味があります。TSLの1,250語は、NGSLをどれだけ完璧に仕上げても、一切前倒しで身につかないということです。逆に言えば、両者は足し算で効きます。土台の学習と補充の学習が食い合いません。
覚え方そのもので詰まっている場合は、TOEIC単語を効率よく覚える4原則や英単語が覚えられない大人へで扱っている、思い出す回数と間隔の話が先になります。
1,250語はどこに散らばっているか
TSLの語が一般英語の中でどのくらい珍しいのかを調べました。物差しにしたのはBNC/COCAの25,000語族リストです。これは英語全体を頻度順に並べ、1,000語ずつの束に切った目盛りです。1番目の束が、最もよく出る1,000語です。
照合の結果は次のように散らばりました。
1番目の束に131語、2番目に205語、3番目に225語、4番目に270語、5番目に144語です。6番目に76語、7番目に30語と続き、細く尾を引きます。
山は4番目の束です。一般英語の頻度で見ると、上位ではありますが最上位ではない帯にあたります。
もっとも目を引くのはここです。120語は、25,000語族の目盛りのどこにも入りませんでした。一般英語では、2万5千語を数えても現れない語ということです。
これを「重要でない語」と読むのは誤りです。頻度が低いのは、使われる場面が限られているからにすぎません。
駅の券売機の前でしか言わない言葉を思い浮かべると分かりやすくなります。1年分の会話を全部集めれば、その言葉の割合はごくわずかです。しかし券売機の前に立てば、ほぼ毎回出てきます。
TOEICの語彙も同じ構造をしています。請求、出張の日程、社内の連絡といった場面に偏っています。invoiceやitineraryのような語が、日常会話ではまず出ないのに、TOEICでは繰り返し現れるのはそのためです。
つまりTSLは「難しい語のリスト」ではなく「場面が偏った語のリスト」です。
カバー率の研究から見たTSLの位置
語彙研究には、カバー率という考え方があります。カバー率とは、ある文章に出てくる語のうち、何%を知っているかを示す割合です。
Hu & Nation (2000) は、未知語の密度を変えながら読解の成績を測りました。知っている語が98%あるとき、大半の読者が支障なく読めました。95%まで下がると、読めない人が目立って増えました。
Nation (2006) は、この98%という線を語数に換算しています。小説や新聞では8,000から9,000語族、話し言葉では6,000から7,000語族が必要という推計です。
Laufer & Ravenhorst-Kalovski (2010) は、95%を最低ライン、98%を快適なラインとして整理しました。Schmitt, Jiang, & Grabe (2011) はさらに踏み込み、既知語の割合と読解得点はなめらかに上がると報告しています。ここを超えれば急に読める、という段差はありません。
編集部の実測も、この線に沿った形になりました。パブリックドメインの英語小説の冒頭10,816語に対し、NGSLは90.5%、BNC/COCAの上位3,000語族は93.9%を覆いました。同じサンプルで95%に届くには4,000語族、98%には7,000語族が必要でした。より詳しい語数の話は英単語は何個覚えれば読める・聞けるのかにまとめてあります。
同じサンプルでTSLが覆えたのは3.4%でした。この数字も、TSLを単独で使えない理由をそのまま示しています。
ただし注意が必要です。このサンプルは小説であって、TOEICの英文ではありません。3.4%という値は、TSLの語が日常の物語文には薄くしか出ないことを示すだけです。TOEICの英文に対しては、当然もっと高い割合になります。
読解の理屈自体はTOEICでも同じです。知らない語が混じるほど、文の意味をつなぐ作業が止まります。カバー率を上げることは、その中断を減らす作業にあたります。
このリストで言えないこと
正直に書いておくべき限界が3つあります。
1つ目は、TSLがTOEIC公式の単語リストではないことです。出題側が公開したものではなく、コーパス研究をもとに第三者が作ったリストです。出題範囲を保証するものではありません。
2つ目は、因果を言えないことです。「1,250語を覚えれば何点上がる」と書けるだけの実験は見当たりません。語彙の大きさとスコアに相関があるという報告はあります。しかし相関は、原因と結果の証明にはなりません。
3つ目は、リストが学習法を含まないことです。Nation (2016) は、語彙リストを教材そのものではなく素材として扱うべきだと述べています。どの順で、どの間隔で、どうやって思い出すかは、リストの外側にある問題です。
さらに、スコアは語彙だけで決まりません。同じ語を知っていても、読む速さと時間配分が伴わなければ最後まで解き切れません。この処理速度の側面は語彙リストの担当範囲外なので、TOEICが上がらない本当の理由とTOEIC800点で止まった人へで別に扱っています。
このデータの使い方
以下の表とCSVが、TSLの見出し語1,250語の全件です。頻度順位つきで並べてあります。
使い方の推奨は1つだけです。NGSLなどの土台を先に固め、そのあとでTSLに入ることです。重なりが0語である以上、順番を逆にした分だけ、土台の穴が残ります。
順位は「TOEICの英文でよく出る順」であって「覚えやすい順」ではありません。仕事で出会う場面に近い語から拾う進め方も、同じくらい合理的です。
リスト全文
このリストのライセンスと出典
下の表と CSV は Browne, C., & Culligan, B. (2016). The TOEIC Service List. を出典とし、CC BY-SA 4.0(表示 – 継承 4.0 国際)で提供されています。原典はこちらの公式サイトです。
greencafe 編集部は、順位・見出し語・語形を表形式に整え、CSV を書き出す加工を行いました。語そのものの選定・順位づけは原著者によるもので、greencafe が決めたものではありません。
この表と CSV を再配布・改変する場合は、原著者を表示したうえで CC BY-SA 4.0 で公開してください。なお、このライセンスが及ぶのはリスト(表と CSV)の部分だけで、本ページの日本語による解説文には及びません。
| 頻度順位 | 見出し語 | 同じ語のなかま(活用形など) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | mister | misters |
| 2 | vacation | vacations vacationed vacationing |
| 3 | client | clients |
| 4 | e-book | e-books ebook ebooks |
| 5 | airport | airports |
| 6 | memo | memos |
| 7 | reservation | reservations |
| 8 | logical | |
| 9 | fax | faxes faxed faxing |
| 10 | o’clock | |
| 11 | sincerely | |
| 12 | sometime | |
| 13 | supervisor | supervisors |
| 14 | refund | refunds refunded refunding |
| 15 | goods | |
| 16 | workshop | workshops |
| 17 | downtown | downtowner |
| 18 | deadline | deadlines |
| 19 | invoice | invoices invoiced invoicing |
| 20 | brochure | brochures |
| 21 | noon | |
| 22 | accountant | accountants |
| 23 | clerk | clerks |
| 24 | lobby | lobbies lobbied lobbying |
| 25 | publish | publishes published publishing |
| 26 | résumé | résumés |
| 27 | enclose | encloses enclosed enclosing |
| 28 | applicant | applicants |
| 29 | seminar | seminars |
| 30 | technician | technicians |
| 31 | cloth | cloths |
| 32 | fare | fares fared faring |
| 33 | receipt | receipts receipted receipting |
| 34 | traveler | travelers traveller travellers |
| 35 | caller | callers |
| 36 | subway | subways |
| 37 | luggage | |
| 38 | shipment | shipments |
| 39 | infer | infers inferred inferring |
| 40 | waiter | waiters |
| 41 | rental | rentals |
| 42 | warranty | warranties |
| 43 | cafeteria | cafeterias |
| 44 | chef | chefs |
| 45 | elevator | elevators |
| 46 | reception | receptions |
| 47 | correctly | |
| 48 | lease | leases leased leasing |
| 49 | bicycle | bicycles bicycled bicycling |
| 50 | notify | notifies notified notifying |
| 51 | preview | previews previewed previewing |
| 52 | attendant | attendants |
| 53 | subscription | subscriptions |
| 54 | convenient | |
| 55 | manual | manuals |
| 56 | clue | clues clued cluing |
| 57 | garage | garages garaged garaging |
| 58 | obtain | obtains obtained obtaining |
| 59 | oval | ovals |
| 60 | inventory | inventories |
| 61 | outdoor | outdoors |
| 62 | suitcase | suitcases |
| 63 | destination | destinations |
| 64 | occupation | occupations |
| 65 | postpone | postpones postponed postponing |
| 66 | contradict | contradicts contradicted contradicting |
| 67 | umbrella | umbrellas |
| 68 | inference | inferences |
| 69 | cellphone | cellphones cell phone cell phones |
| 70 | compact | compacts compacted compacting compacter |
| 71 | merchandise | merchandises merchandised merchandising merchandize merchandizes merchandized merchandizing |
| 72 | receptionist | receptionists |
| 73 | dentist | dentists |
| 74 | identification | identifications |
| 75 | coupon | coupons |
| 76 | depart | departs departed departing |
| 77 | reschedule | reschedules rescheduled rescheduling |
| 78 | tactic | tactics |
| 79 | renovation | renovations |
| 80 | upgrade | upgrades upgraded upgrading |
| 81 | precede | precedes preceded preceding |
| 82 | replacement | replacements |
| 83 | dine | dines dined dining |
| 84 | passport | passports |
| 85 | coworker | coworkers |
| 86 | upcoming | |
| 87 | cabinet | cabinets |
| 88 | appliance | appliances |
| 89 | explanatory | |
| 90 | instructor | instructors |
| 91 | keyboard | keyboards keyboarded keyboarding |
| 92 | media | |
| 93 | supermarket | supermarkets |
| 94 | valid | |
| 95 | admission | admissions |
| 96 | laptop | laptops |
| 97 | underline | underlines underlined underlining |
| 98 | electrical | |
| 99 | airplane | airplanes aeroplane aeroplanes |
| 100 | assignment | assignments |
| 101 | exit | exits exited exiting |
| 102 | attendee | attendees |
| 103 | cruise | cruises cruised cruising |
| 104 | birthday | birthdays |
| 105 | café | cafés cafe cafes |
| 106 | comprehension | |
| 107 | mall | malls |
| 108 | medication | medications |
| 109 | recycle | recycles recycled recycling |
| 110 | renew | renews renewed renewing |
| 111 | tenant | tenants tenanted tenanting |
| 112 | sandwich | sandwiches sandwiched sandwiching |
| 113 | departure | departures |
| 114 | mini | |
| 115 | fitness | |
| 116 | inconvenience | inconveniences inconvenienced inconveniencing |
| 117 | banquet | banquets banqueting |
| 118 | closet | closets closeted |
| 119 | unreal | |
| 120 | distractor | distractors distracter distracters |
| 121 | expire | expires expired expiring |
| 122 | folder | folders |
| 123 | photocopy | photocopies photocopied photocopying |
| 124 | renovate | renovates renovated renovating |
| 125 | sunny | sunnier sunniest |
| 126 | calendar | calendars |
| 127 | donation | donations |
| 128 | feedback | feedbacks |
| 129 | shortly | |
| 130 | snack | snacks snacked snacking |
| 131 | warehouse | warehouses warehoused warehousing |
| 132 | copier | copiers |
| 133 | provider | providers |
| 134 | beverage | beverages |
| 135 | hungry | hungrier hungriest |
| 136 | inspection | inspections |
| 137 | recipient | recipients |
| 138 | aisle | aisles |
| 139 | inspect | inspects inspected inspecting |
| 140 | mechanic | mechanics |
| 141 | merger | mergers |
| 142 | soccer | |
| 143 | sweater | sweaters |
| 144 | ingredient | ingredients |
| 145 | rewrite | rewrites rewrote rewritten rewriting |
| 146 | itinerary | itineraries |
| 147 | workplace | workplaces |
| 148 | architect | architects architected architecting |
| 149 | convenience | conveniences |
| 150 | eligible | |
| 151 | indoor | indoors |
| 152 | baggage | |
| 153 | dial | dials dialed dialing |
| 154 | container | containers |
| 155 | drawer | drawers |
| 156 | lab | labs |
| 157 | submission | submissions |
| 158 | bulletin | bulletins |
| 159 | certificate | certificates certificated certificating |
| 160 | gym | gyms |
| 161 | highway | highways |
| 162 | respondent | respondents |
| 163 | jewelry | jewellery |
| 164 | overtime | |
| 165 | battery | batteries |
| 166 | donate | donates donated donating |
| 167 | outstanding | |
| 168 | skim | skims skimmed skimming |
| 169 | briefcase | briefcases |
| 170 | dessert | desserts |
| 171 | impact | impacts impacted impacting |
| 172 | innovative | |
| 173 | inquire | inquires inquired inquiring |
| 174 | overnight | overnights |
| 175 | venue | venues |
| 176 | commuter | commuters |
| 177 | logo | logos |
| 178 | newsletter | newsletters |
| 179 | advisor | advisors |
| 180 | cartridge | cartridges |
| 181 | cloudy | cloudier cloudiest |
| 182 | photographer | photographers |
| 183 | shopper | shoppers |
| 184 | tag | tags tagged tagging |
| 185 | announcer | announcers |
| 186 | aspect | aspects |
| 187 | audit | audits audited auditing |
| 188 | contractor | contractors |
| 189 | download | downloads downloaded downloading |
| 190 | password | passwords |
| 191 | prohibit | prohibits prohibited prohibiting |
| 192 | stadium | stadiums |
| 193 | terminal | terminals |
| 194 | weekday | weekdays |
| 195 | bonus | bonuses |
| 196 | cart | carts carted carting |
| 197 | delicious | |
| 198 | ink | inks inked inking |
| 199 | supervise | supervises supervised supervising |
| 200 | waitress | waitresses waitressed waitressing |
| 201 | cleaner | cleaners cleanest |
| 202 | developer | developers |
| 203 | headquarter | headquarters headquartered headquartering |
| 204 | shuttle | shuttles shuttled shuttling |
| 205 | stationery | |
| 206 | subscribe | subscribes subscribed subscribing |
| 207 | alike | |
| 208 | flavor | flavors flavored flavoring flavorings flavour flavours flavoured flavouring flavourings |
| 209 | picnic | picnics picnicked picnicking |
| 210 | recipe | recipes |
| 211 | refreshment | refreshments |
| 212 | administrative | |
| 213 | authorize | authorized authorizes authorizing authorise authorises authorised authorising |
| 214 | commonly | |
| 215 | distribution | distributions |
| 216 | sofa | sofas |
| 217 | accommodate | accommodates accommodated accommodating |
| 218 | affordable | |
| 219 | annoy | annoys annoyed annoying |
| 220 | commute | commutes commuted commuting |
| 221 | coordinate | coordinates coordinated coordinating |
| 222 | paperwork | |
| 223 | quit | quits quitted quitting |
| 224 | authority | authorities |
| 225 | flu | |
| 226 | captain | captains captained captaining |
| 227 | installation | installations |
| 228 | trainer | trainers |
| 229 | availability | availabilities |
| 230 | bargain | bargains bargained bargaining |
| 231 | complimentary | |
| 232 | hike | hikes hiked hiking |
| 233 | midnight | midnights |
| 234 | productivity | productivities |
| 235 | rainy | rainier rainiest |
| 236 | relocate | relocates relocated relocating |
| 237 | trainee | trainees |
| 238 | transaction | transactions |
| 239 | unhappy | unhappier unhappiest |
| 240 | verify | verifies verified verifying |
| 241 | automobile | automobiles |
| 242 | courier | couriers couriered couriering |
| 243 | incomplete | |
| 244 | questionnaire | questionnaires |
| 245 | baseball | baseballs |
| 246 | dock | docks docked docking dockings |
| 247 | lamp | lamps |
| 248 | lately | |
| 249 | machinery | machineries |
| 250 | presenter | presenters |
| 251 | seldom | |
| 252 | signature | signatures |
| 253 | worldwide | |
| 254 | carrier | carriers |
| 255 | designate | designates designated designating |
| 256 | exclusive | exclusives |
| 257 | grocery | groceries |
| 258 | homework | |
| 259 | memorandum | memorandums memoranda |
| 260 | photocopier | photocopiers |
| 261 | suite | suites |
| 262 | thorough | |
| 263 | bookstore | bookstores |
| 264 | cater | caters catered catering caterings |
| 265 | dental | dentals |
| 266 | duration | durations |
| 267 | lounge | lounges lounged lounging |
| 268 | painter | painters |
| 269 | patron | patrons |
| 270 | prescription | prescriptions |
| 271 | productive | |
| 272 | salad | salads |
| 273 | stack | stacks stacked stacking |
| 274 | delegate | delegates delegated delegating |
| 275 | salesperson | salespersons |
| 276 | calculator | calculators |
| 277 | completion | completions |
| 278 | defect | defects defected defecting |
| 279 | garbage | |
| 280 | omit | omits omitting omitted |
| 281 | spite | |
| 282 | bathroom | bathrooms |
| 283 | cab | cabs |
| 284 | correspondence | correspondences |
| 285 | ladder | ladders laddered laddering |
| 286 | photography | |
| 287 | sculpture | sculptures sculptured sculpturing |
| 288 | anniversary | anniversaries |
| 289 | buffet | buffets buffeted buffeting buffetings |
| 290 | defective | |
| 291 | ice cream | ice creams ice-cream ice-creams |
| 292 | leak | leaks leaked leaking |
| 293 | occupancy | occupancies |
| 294 | proficiency | proficiencies |
| 295 | renewal | renewals |
| 296 | urgent | |
| 297 | annually | |
| 298 | basketball | basketballs |
| 299 | delete | deletes deleted deleting |
| 300 | illogical | |
| 301 | pet | pets petted petting |
| 302 | textbook | textbooks |
| 303 | accurately | |
| 304 | cabin | cabins |
| 305 | conductor | conductors |
| 306 | inspector | inspectors |
| 307 | intern | interns interned interning |
| 308 | semester | semesters |
| 309 | confirmation | confirmations |
| 310 | congratulation | congratulations |
| 311 | expertise | |
| 312 | graph | graphs graphed graphing |
| 313 | taker | takers |
| 314 | utility | utilities |
| 315 | voucher | vouchers |
| 316 | banker | bankers |
| 317 | behalf | |
| 318 | minimize | minimizes minimized minimizing minimise minimises minimised minimising |
| 319 | optional | |
| 320 | paycheck | paychecks |
| 321 | polite | politer politest |
| 322 | protective | |
| 323 | seller | sellers |
| 324 | sidewalk | sidewalks |
| 325 | sightsee | sightseeing |
| 326 | soup | soups |
| 327 | transit | transits transited transiting |
| 328 | wallet | wallets |
| 329 | cashier | cashiers cashiered cashiering |
| 330 | casual | casuals |
| 331 | drill | drills drilled drilling drillings |
| 332 | fountain | fountains |
| 333 | juice | juices juiced juicing |
| 334 | lane | lanes |
| 335 | popularity | |
| 336 | poster | posters |
| 337 | promptly | |
| 338 | retailer | retailers |
| 339 | vacancy | vacancies |
| 340 | bench | benches benched benching |
| 341 | cumulative | |
| 342 | directory | directories |
| 343 | disposal | disposals |
| 344 | housekeeper | housekeepers |
| 345 | internship | internships |
| 346 | knowledgeable | |
| 347 | organizer | organizers organiser organisers |
| 348 | overdue | |
| 349 | prediction | predictions |
| 350 | subscriber | subscribers |
| 351 | booklet | booklets |
| 352 | conditioner | conditioners |
| 353 | enroll | enrolls enrolled enrolling |
| 354 | frustrate | frustrates frustrated frustrating |
| 355 | garment | garments |
| 356 | orientation | orientations |
| 357 | outlet | outlets |
| 358 | packet | packets |
| 359 | plumber | plumbers |
| 360 | specification | specifications |
| 361 | auto | autos |
| 362 | decorate | decorates decorated decorating |
| 363 | deduction | deductions |
| 364 | definite | |
| 365 | economical | |
| 366 | efficiently | |
| 367 | flyer | flyers |
| 368 | franchise | franchises franchised franchising |
| 369 | generous | |
| 370 | interrupt | interrupts interrupted interrupting |
| 371 | oven | ovens |
| 372 | pant | pants panted panting |
| 373 | profitable | |
| 374 | refrigerator | refrigerators |
| 375 | reimburse | reimburses reimbursed reimbursing |
| 376 | showroom | showrooms |
| 377 | vegetarian | vegetarians |
| 378 | administrator | administrators |
| 379 | broker | brokers brokered brokering |
| 380 | cancellation | cancellations |
| 381 | confidential | |
| 382 | jet | jets jetted jetting |
| 383 | realistic | |
| 384 | thoroughly | |
| 385 | trash | trashes trashed trashing |
| 386 | usage | usages |
| 387 | windy | windier windiest |
| 388 | automate | automates automated automating |
| 389 | ferry | ferries ferried ferrying |
| 390 | finalize | finalizes finalized finalizing finalise finalises finalised finalising |
| 391 | incur | incurs incurred incurring |
| 392 | instruct | instructs instructed instructing |
| 393 | loyal | |
| 394 | luncheon | luncheons |
| 395 | microphone | microphones |
| 396 | overview | overviews overviewed |
| 397 | projector | projectors |
| 398 | shortage | shortages |
| 399 | spacious | |
| 400 | accomplishment | accomplishments |
| 401 | accustom | accustoms accustomed accustoming |
| 402 | clinic | clinics |
| 403 | desktop | desktops |
| 404 | jog | jogs jogged jogging joggings |
| 405 | leisure | |
| 406 | nap | naps napped napping |
| 407 | reinforce | reinforces reinforced reinforcing |
| 408 | sender | senders |
| 409 | vacuum | vacuums vacuumed vacuuming |
| 410 | wireless | wirelesses |
| 411 | yearly | |
| 412 | appreciation | appreciations |
| 413 | cargo | cargoes cargos |
| 414 | cooperate | cooperates cooperated cooperating |
| 415 | distract | distracts distracted distracting |
| 416 | dividend | dividends |
| 417 | exemption | exemptions |
| 418 | furnish | furnishes furnished furnishing furnishings |
| 419 | hourly | |
| 420 | laundry | laundries |
| 421 | mandatory | |
| 422 | mechanical | mechanicals |
| 423 | pharmacy | pharmacies |
| 424 | promotional | |
| 425 | quarterly | |
| 426 | residential | |
| 427 | scholarship | scholarships |
| 428 | seeker | seekers |
| 429 | temporarily | |
| 430 | towel | towels |
| 431 | unattended | |
| 432 | accessible | |
| 433 | afterward | afterwards |
| 434 | apology | apologies |
| 435 | assemble | assembles assembled assembling |
| 436 | automatic | automatics |
| 437 | boardroom | boardrooms |
| 438 | carpenter | carpenters carpentered carpentering |
| 439 | caterer | caterers |
| 440 | classify | classifies classified classifying |
| 441 | consultation | consultations |
| 442 | durable | durables |
| 443 | glove | gloves gloved |
| 444 | hardware | |
| 445 | malfunction | malfunctions malfunctioned malfunctioning |
| 446 | outdated | |
| 447 | patience | |
| 448 | postcard | postcards |
| 449 | prospective | |
| 450 | revision | revisions |
| 451 | strictly | |
| 452 | tomato | tomatoes |
| 453 | tray | trays |
| 454 | vendor | vendors |
| 455 | withdrawal | withdrawals |
| 456 | anytime | |
| 457 | badge | badges |
| 458 | brake | brakes braked braking |
| 459 | calculation | calculations |
| 460 | coordinator | coordinators |
| 461 | costly | costlier costliest |
| 462 | equip | equips equipped equipping |
| 463 | excursion | excursions |
| 464 | graphic | |
| 465 | inexperience | inexperienced |
| 466 | lengthy | lengthier lengthiest |
| 467 | librarian | librarians |
| 468 | meantime | |
| 469 | merge | merges merged merging |
| 470 | performer | performers |
| 471 | pharmacist | pharmacists |
| 472 | pizza | pizzas |
| 473 | resignation | resignations |
| 474 | reviewer | reviewers |
| 475 | terminate | terminates terminated terminating |
| 476 | translation | translations |
| 477 | unfamiliar | |
| 478 | actress | actresses |
| 479 | adjacent | |
| 480 | alternate | alternates alternated alternating |
| 481 | congratulate | congratulates congratulated congratulating |
| 482 | escort | escorts escorted escorting |
| 483 | inexpensive | |
| 484 | mask | masks masked masking |
| 485 | purchaser | purchasers |
| 486 | purse | purses pursed pursing |
| 487 | realtor | realtors |
| 488 | rearrange | rearranges rearranged rearranging |
| 489 | reopen | reopens reopened reopening |
| 490 | soap | soaps soaped soaping |
| 491 | spokesperson | spokespersons spokespeople |
| 492 | superior | superiors |
| 493 | airfare | airfares |
| 494 | bake | bakes baked baking |
| 495 | businessperson | businesspersons businesspeople |
| 496 | considerably | |
| 497 | faulty | |
| 498 | hobby | hobbies |
| 499 | informal | |
| 500 | kilometer | kilometers kilometres kilometre |
| 501 | lawn | lawns |
| 502 | microscope | microscopes |
| 503 | mislead | misleads misled misleading |
| 504 | misplace | misplaces misplaced misplacing |
| 505 | newsstand | newsstands |
| 506 | overhead | overheads |
| 507 | portfolio | portfolios |
| 508 | rack | racks racked racking |
| 509 | remodel | remodels remodeled remodeling remodelled remodelling |
| 510 | statistics | |
| 511 | tunnel | tunnels tunneled tunneling tunnelled tunnelling |
| 512 | unlimited | |
| 513 | vitamin | vitamins |
| 514 | zoo | zoos |
| 515 | alert | alerts alerted alerting |
| 516 | auditorium | auditoriums |
| 517 | celebrity | celebrities |
| 518 | deduct | deducts deducted deducting |
| 519 | disruption | disruptions |
| 520 | electrician | electricians |
| 521 | enthusiastic | |
| 522 | graduation | graduations |
| 523 | icy | icier |
| 524 | irregular | irregulars |
| 525 | login | logins log in logs in logged in logging in loggings in |
| 526 | managerial | |
| 527 | mineral | minerals |
| 528 | motorcycle | motorcycles |
| 529 | necessity | necessities |
| 530 | planner | planners |
| 531 | programmer | programmers |
| 532 | proofread | proofreads proofreading |
| 533 | recruiter | recruiters |
| 534 | remainder | remainders remaindered remaindering |
| 535 | statue | statues |
| 536 | steadily | |
| 537 | stockholder | stockholders |
| 538 | vacant | |
| 539 | accessory | accessories |
| 540 | assembly | assemblies |
| 541 | basket | baskets |
| 542 | certification | certifications |
| 543 | closure | closures |
| 544 | dislike | dislikes disliked disliking |
| 545 | downstairs | |
| 546 | expiration | |
| 547 | headache | headaches |
| 548 | jam | jams jammed jamming |
| 549 | nail | nails nailed nailing |
| 550 | optimistic | |
| 551 | pedestrian | pedestrians |
| 552 | projection | projections |
| 553 | sleeve | sleeves sleeved |
| 554 | suburb | suburbs |
| 555 | takeover | takeovers |
| 556 | unsure | |
| 557 | upstairs | |
| 558 | verbal | |
| 559 | visa | visas |
| 560 | wildlife | |
| 561 | workforce | workforces |
| 562 | absent | absents absented absenting |
| 563 | accumulate | accumulates accumulated accumulating |
| 564 | appraisal | appraisals |
| 565 | apprentice | apprentices apprenticed apprenticing |
| 566 | businessman | businessmen |
| 567 | ceiling | ceilings ceilinged |
| 568 | colorful | colourful |
| 569 | compensate | compensates compensated compensating |
| 570 | costume | costumes costumed costuming |
| 571 | editorial | editorials |
| 572 | effectiveness | |
| 573 | facilitate | facilitates facilitated facilitating |
| 574 | firefighter | firefighters |
| 575 | gasoline | |
| 576 | inappropriate | |
| 577 | internet | internets |
| 578 | landlord | landlords |
| 579 | layout | layouts |
| 580 | lunchtime | lunchtimes |
| 581 | payroll | payrolls |
| 582 | pharmaceutical | pharmaceuticals |
| 583 | plausible | |
| 584 | premium | premiums |
| 585 | safely | |
| 586 | simplify | simplifies simplified simplifying |
| 587 | specialty | specialties |
| 588 | tech | techs |
| 589 | unexpected | |
| 590 | unspecified | |
| 591 | adhere | adheres adhered adhering |
| 592 | bankrupt | bankrupts bankrupted bankrupting |
| 593 | caution | cautions cautioned cautioning |
| 594 | clip | clips clipped clipping clippings |
| 595 | comply | complies complied complying |
| 596 | diner | diners |
| 597 | duplicate | duplicates duplicated duplicating |
| 598 | eager | |
| 599 | economist | economists |
| 600 | embassy | embassies |
| 601 | fasten | fastens fastened fastening fastenings |
| 602 | harmful | |
| 603 | informative | |
| 604 | institute | institutes instituted instituting |
| 605 | kit | kits kitted kiting |
| 606 | locally | |
| 607 | mentor | mentors mentored mentoring |
| 608 | nominate | nominates nominated nominating |
| 609 | opt | opts opted opting |
| 610 | parade | parades paraded parading |
| 611 | physician | physicians |
| 612 | polish | polishes polished polishing |
| 613 | postage | postages |
| 614 | recreational | |
| 615 | rehearse | rehearses rehearsed rehearsing |
| 616 | removal | removals |
| 617 | satisfactory | |
| 618 | seasonal | |
| 619 | separately | |
| 620 | turnover | turnovers |
| 621 | unnecessary | |
| 622 | accordingly | |
| 623 | apple | apples |
| 624 | applicable | |
| 625 | auction | auctions auctioned auctioning |
| 626 | balcony | balconies |
| 627 | basement | basements |
| 628 | beforehand | |
| 629 | culinary | |
| 630 | documentary | documentaries |
| 631 | downturn | downturns |
| 632 | earthquake | earthquakes |
| 633 | elegant | |
| 634 | excessive | |
| 635 | generic | generics |
| 636 | jazz | jazzes jazzed jazzing |
| 637 | lifetime | lifetimes |
| 638 | massage | massages massaged massaging |
| 639 | maximize | maximizes maximized maximizing maximise maximises maximised maximising |
| 640 | mild | milder mildest |
| 641 | ongoing | |
| 642 | periodically | |
| 643 | pie | pies |
| 644 | plug | plugs plugged plugging |
| 645 | recruitment | recruitments |
| 646 | referee | referees refereed refereeing |
| 647 | referral | referrals |
| 648 | renown | renowned |
| 649 | runner | runners |
| 650 | sock | socks socked socking |
| 651 | spam | spammed spamming |
| 652 | surf | surfs surfed surfing |
| 653 | timetable | timetables timetabled timetabling |
| 654 | vase | vases |
| 655 | aboard | |
| 656 | advancement | advancements |
| 657 | advertiser | advertisers |
| 658 | alternatively | |
| 659 | amuse | amuses amused amusing |
| 660 | attorney | attorneys |
| 661 | authorization | authorizations authorisation authorisations |
| 662 | campus | campuses |
| 663 | candy | candies candied candying |
| 664 | certify | certifies certified certifying |
| 665 | checkout | checkouts |
| 666 | chemistry | chemistries |
| 667 | circulation | circulations |
| 668 | concierge | concierges |
| 669 | consent | consents consented consenting |
| 670 | consistently | |
| 671 | cookie | cookies |
| 672 | deck | decks decked decking |
| 673 | descriptive | |
| 674 | detach | detaches detached detaching |
| 675 | documentation | documentations |
| 676 | entrepreneur | entrepreneurs |
| 677 | exceptional | |
| 678 | familiarize | familiarizes familiarized familiarizing familiarise familiarises familiarised familiarising |
| 679 | hotline | hotlines |
| 680 | intonation | intonations |
| 681 | invention | inventions |
| 682 | irritate | irritates irritated irritating |
| 683 | locker | lockers |
| 684 | overlook | overlooks overlooked overlooking |
| 685 | patent | patents patented patenting |
| 686 | payable | payables |
| 687 | preliminary | preliminaries |
| 688 | salesman | salesmen |
| 689 | sauna | saunas |
| 690 | smoothly | |
| 691 | sunshine | |
| 692 | tow | tows towed towing |
| 693 | translator | translators |
| 694 | tuition | tuitions |
| 695 | unavailable | |
| 696 | violation | violations |
| 697 | webpage | webpages web-page web-pages web page web pages |
| 698 | acceptance | acceptances |
| 699 | allocate | allocates allocated allocating |
| 700 | ambitious | |
| 701 | appendix | appendices appendixes |
| 702 | booth | booths |
| 703 | clarify | clarifies clarified clarifying |
| 704 | classmate | classmates |
| 705 | compile | compiles compiled compiling |
| 706 | correction | corrections |
| 707 | customize | customizes customized customizing customise customises customised customising |
| 708 | dedication | dedications |
| 709 | diagnose | diagnoses diagnosed diagnosing |
| 710 | discontinue | discontinues discontinued discontinuing |
| 711 | dishwasher | dishwashers |
| 712 | drought | droughts |
| 713 | economize | economizes economized economizing economise economises economised economising |
| 714 | entrée | entrées entree entrees |
| 715 | firework | fireworks |
| 716 | freight | freights freighted freighting |
| 717 | fry | fries fried frying |
| 718 | gallon | gallons |
| 719 | gardener | gardeners |
| 720 | ideally | |
| 721 | inclusive | |
| 722 | insufficient | |
| 723 | introductory | |
| 724 | junk | junks junked junking |
| 725 | ma’am | |
| 726 | mileage | mileages |
| 727 | noisy | noisier noisiest |
| 728 | pan | pans panned panning |
| 729 | parcel | parcels parceled parceling parcelled parcelling |
| 730 | pasta | pastas |
| 731 | periodical | periodicals |
| 732 | pill | pills pilled pilling |
| 733 | portable | portables |
| 734 | punctual | |
| 735 | recreation | recreations |
| 736 | relieve | relieves relieved relieving |
| 737 | reminder | reminders |
| 738 | rumor | rumors rumored rumoring rumour rumours rumoured rumouring |
| 739 | scarf | scarves |
| 740 | seaside | |
| 741 | shorten | shortens shortened shortening shortenings |
| 742 | specially | |
| 743 | spill | spills spilled spilling spilt |
| 744 | spouse | spouses |
| 745 | subtract | subtracts subtracted subtracting |
| 746 | tablet | tablets |
| 747 | ton | tons |
| 748 | vend | vends vended vending |
| 749 | yoga | |
| 750 | accent | accents accented accenting |
| 751 | advisory | advisories |
| 752 | asleep | |
| 753 | authentic | |
| 754 | bakery | bakeries |
| 755 | carton | cartons |
| 756 | compartment | compartments compartmented |
| 757 | compatible | compatibles |
| 758 | consumption | consumptions |
| 759 | conveniently | |
| 760 | cosmetic | cosmetics |
| 761 | courtesy | courtesies |
| 762 | creativity | |
| 763 | disagreement | disagreements |
| 764 | disappointment | disappointments |
| 765 | dissatisfy | dissatisfied dissatisfies dissatisfying |
| 766 | enjoyable | |
| 767 | faculty | faculties |
| 768 | favorable | favourable |
| 769 | foreman | foremen |
| 770 | forum | forums fora |
| 771 | founder | founders foundered foundering |
| 772 | fundraise | fundraises fundraised fundraising fundraisings |
| 773 | graphics | |
| 774 | handy | handier handiest |
| 775 | hazardous | |
| 776 | healthcare | |
| 777 | humidity | |
| 778 | influential | |
| 779 | nationwide | |
| 780 | pad | pads padded padding |
| 781 | paraphrase | paraphrases paraphrased paraphrasing |
| 782 | placement | placements |
| 783 | postal | |
| 784 | publicity | publicities |
| 785 | renter | renters |
| 786 | repairperson | |
| 787 | repeatedly | |
| 788 | restroom | restrooms |
| 789 | silently | |
| 790 | spa | spas |
| 791 | spreadsheet | spreadsheets |
| 792 | stapler | staplers |
| 793 | streamline | streamlines streamlined streamlining |
| 794 | substantially | |
| 795 | teller | tellers |
| 796 | tidy | tidies tidied tidying tidier tidiest |
| 797 | toll | tolls tolled tolling |
| 798 | toner | toners |
| 799 | urgently | |
| 800 | walkway | walkways |
| 801 | absorb | absorbs absorbed absorbing |
| 802 | administer | administers administered administering |
| 803 | ample | ampler |
| 804 | antique | antiques antiqued antiquing |
| 805 | bean | beans |
| 806 | browse | browses browsed browsing |
| 807 | bye | bye bye |
| 808 | careless | |
| 809 | collector | collectors |
| 810 | conform | conforms conformed conforming |
| 811 | congestion | congestions |
| 812 | contradiction | contradictions |
| 813 | contrary | contraries |
| 814 | diploma | diplomas |
| 815 | distributor | distributors |
| 816 | dive | dives diving dived |
| 817 | energetic | |
| 818 | environmentally | |
| 819 | escalator | escalators |
| 820 | exotic | exotics |
| 821 | fabric | fabrics |
| 822 | generalization | generalizations generalisation generalisations |
| 823 | guidance | |
| 824 | gum | gums gummed gumming |
| 825 | hesitant | |
| 826 | indicator | indicators |
| 827 | individually | |
| 828 | junior | juniors |
| 829 | lifestyle | lifestyles |
| 830 | likewise | |
| 831 | morale | |
| 832 | orchestra | orchestras |
| 833 | organizational | organisational |
| 834 | outlook | outlooks |
| 835 | physics | |
| 836 | pole | poles poled poling |
| 837 | puzzle | puzzles puzzled puzzling |
| 838 | reflexive | reflexives |
| 839 | snowy | snowiest |
| 840 | steak | steaks |
| 841 | sticker | stickers |
| 842 | telecommunication | telecommunications |
| 843 | timely | |
| 844 | uncomfortable | |
| 845 | amenity | amenities |
| 846 | approximate | approximates approximated approximating |
| 847 | await | awaits awaited awaiting |
| 848 | barbecue | barbecues barbecued barbecuing barbeque barbeques barbequed barbequing |
| 849 | beginner | beginners |
| 850 | biology | |
| 851 | blanket | blankets blanketed blanketing |
| 852 | chairperson | chairpersons |
| 853 | charitable | |
| 854 | checkup | checkups |
| 855 | cooler | coolers |
| 856 | crane | cranes craned craning |
| 857 | dealership | dealerships |
| 858 | dependable | |
| 859 | disconnect | disconnects disconnected disconnecting |
| 860 | dispose | disposes disposed disposing |
| 861 | disrupt | disrupts disrupted disrupting |
| 862 | dynamic | dynamics |
| 863 | enthusiastically | |
| 864 | freelance | freelances freelanced freelancing |
| 865 | grill | grills grilled grilling grille grilles |
| 866 | habitual | |
| 867 | internationally | |
| 868 | invaluable | |
| 869 | messenger | messengers |
| 870 | paperback | paperbacks |
| 871 | rebate | rebates rebated rebating |
| 872 | recur | recurs recurred recurring |
| 873 | reproduce | reproduces reproduced reproducing |
| 874 | spray | sprays sprayed spraying sprayings |
| 875 | staple | staples stapled stapling |
| 876 | strategic | |
| 877 | stripe | stripes striped striping |
| 878 | teen | teens |
| 879 | tempt | tempts tempted tempting |
| 880 | timer | timers |
| 881 | unload | unloads unloaded unloading |
| 882 | unusually | |
| 883 | vacate | vacates vacated vacating |
| 884 | whale | whales whaling |
| 885 | wisely | |
| 886 | amateur | amateurs |
| 887 | ambassador | ambassadors |
| 888 | anew | |
| 889 | architectural | |
| 890 | attain | attains attained attaining |
| 891 | balloon | balloons ballooned ballooning |
| 892 | blueprint | blueprints |
| 893 | bug | bugs bugged bugging |
| 894 | cautious | |
| 895 | circuit | circuits circuited circuiting |
| 896 | clap | claps clapped clapping |
| 897 | commerce | |
| 898 | convey | conveys conveyed conveying |
| 899 | cord | cords corded cording |
| 900 | counselor | counselors counsellor counsellors |
| 901 | debit | debits debited debiting |
| 902 | delicate | |
| 903 | dependence | dependences |
| 904 | distraction | distractions |
| 905 | downsize | downsizes downsized downsizing downsizings |
| 906 | elephant | elephants |
| 907 | enthusiasm | enthusiasms |
| 908 | enthusiast | enthusiasts |
| 909 | evident | |
| 910 | flexibility | flexibilities |
| 911 | flextime | |
| 912 | fortunately | |
| 913 | freighter | freighters |
| 914 | generator | generators |
| 915 | hallway | hallways |
| 916 | hamburger | hamburgers |
| 917 | hazard | hazards hazarded hazarding |
| 918 | homeowner | homeowners |
| 919 | imperative | imperatives |
| 920 | inflate | inflates inflated inflating |
| 921 | insert | inserts inserted inserting |
| 922 | lecturer | lecturers |
| 923 | meaningful | |
| 924 | memorize | memorizes memorized memorizing memorise memorises memorised memorising |
| 925 | merchant | merchants |
| 926 | modification | modifications |
| 927 | occupant | occupants |
| 928 | overcharge | overcharges overcharged overcharging |
| 929 | oversee | oversees oversaw overseen overseeing |
| 930 | petition | petitions petitioned petitioning |
| 931 | pillow | pillows pillowed pillowing |
| 932 | popcorn | |
| 933 | pottery | potteries |
| 934 | professionally | |
| 935 | publicize | publicizes publicized publicizing publicise publicises publicised publicising |
| 936 | ray | rays rayed raying |
| 937 | redecorate | redecorates redecorated redecorating |
| 938 | refinery | refineries |
| 939 | refresh | refreshes refreshed refreshing |
| 940 | refundable | |
| 941 | reimbursement | reimbursements |
| 942 | reliability | reliabilities |
| 943 | reluctant | |
| 944 | sewer | sewers |
| 945 | skate | skates skated skating |
| 946 | skateboard | skateboards skateboarded skateboarding |
| 947 | sleepy | sleepier |
| 948 | tailor | tailors tailored tailoring |
| 949 | termination | terminations |
| 950 | theft | thefts |
| 951 | thunderstorm | thunderstorms |
| 952 | transmission | transmissions |
| 953 | transmit | transmits transmitted transmitting |
| 954 | unused | |
| 955 | waive | waives waived waiving |
| 956 | yen | yens |
| 957 | activate | activates activated activating |
| 958 | additionally | |
| 959 | affirmative | affirmatives |
| 960 | baker | bakers |
| 961 | brainstorm | brainstorms brainstormed brainstorming |
| 962 | cage | cages caged caging |
| 963 | cinema | cinemas |
| 964 | collaboration | collaborations |
| 965 | condominium | condominiums |
| 966 | consecutive | |
| 967 | cordless | |
| 968 | deluxe | |
| 969 | desirable | desirables |
| 970 | discrepancy | discrepancies |
| 971 | dispatch | dispatches dispatched dispatching |
| 972 | drawback | drawbacks |
| 973 | dull | dulls dulled dulling duller dullest |
| 974 | economically | |
| 975 | evenly | |
| 976 | excellence | excellences |
| 977 | exclusively | |
| 978 | farewell | farewells |
| 979 | fatigue | fatigues fatigued fatiguing |
| 980 | fiscal | fiscals |
| 981 | fleet | fleets fleeted fleeting fleeter fleetest |
| 982 | flour | flours floured flouring |
| 983 | fog | fogs fogged fogging |
| 984 | formally | |
| 985 | gram | grams |
| 986 | handbook | handbooks |
| 987 | headphone | headphones |
| 988 | heater | heaters |
| 989 | helmet | helmets helmeted |
| 990 | hiker | hikers |
| 991 | homeless | |
| 992 | lighter | lighters |
| 993 | loudly | |
| 994 | loyalty | loyalties |
| 995 | microwave | microwaves microwaving |
| 996 | misidentify | misidentifies misidentified misidentifying |
| 997 | neat | neater neatest |
| 998 | nomination | nominations |
| 999 | officially | |
| 1000 | outfit | outfits outfitted outfitting |
| 1001 | pastry | pastries |
| 1002 | personalize | personalizes personalized personalizing personalise personalises personalised personalising |
| 1003 | poorly | |
| 1004 | prestigious | |
| 1005 | purser | pursers |
| 1006 | reassure | reassures reassured reassuring |
| 1007 | resume | resumes resumed resuming |
| 1008 | reunion | reunions |
| 1009 | revolutionize | revolutionizes revolutionized revolutionizing revolutionise revolutionises revolutionised revolutionising |
| 1010 | seafood | |
| 1011 | signify | signifies signified signifying |
| 1012 | slot | slots slotted slotting |
| 1013 | steer | steers steered steering |
| 1014 | sue | sues sued suing |
| 1015 | superb | |
| 1016 | traditionally | |
| 1017 | tremendous | |
| 1018 | underway | |
| 1019 | unpleasant | |
| 1020 | violin | violins |
| 1021 | ward | wards warded warding |
| 1022 | worthwhile | |
| 1023 | adapter | adapters |
| 1024 | advisable | |
| 1025 | archive | archives archived archiving |
| 1026 | artistic | |
| 1027 | assurance | assurances |
| 1028 | athletic | athletics |
| 1029 | attire | attires attired attiring |
| 1030 | auditor | auditors |
| 1031 | bankruptcy | bankruptcies |
| 1032 | bulk | bulks bulked bulking |
| 1033 | butter | butters buttered buttering |
| 1034 | centimeter | centimeters centimetre centimetres |
| 1035 | circulate | circulates circulated circulating |
| 1036 | comb | combs combed combing combings |
| 1037 | comfortably | |
| 1038 | compliance | compliances |
| 1039 | contraction | contractions |
| 1040 | cookbook | cookbooks |
| 1041 | cushion | cushions cushioned cushioning |
| 1042 | dose | doses dosed dosing |
| 1043 | drum | drums drummed drumming |
| 1044 | embed | embeds embedded embedding embeddings |
| 1045 | evacuate | evacuates evacuated evacuating |
| 1046 | expedite | expedited |
| 1047 | extinguisher | extinguishers |
| 1048 | familiarity | familiarities |
| 1049 | flaw | flaws flawed |
| 1050 | fluctuate | fluctuates fluctuated fluctuating |
| 1051 | fluent | |
| 1052 | honestly | |
| 1053 | housekeep | housekeeping |
| 1054 | hurricane | hurricanes |
| 1055 | hygiene | |
| 1056 | integral | integrals |
| 1057 | interactive | |
| 1058 | interfere | interferes interfered interfering |
| 1059 | kilogram | kilograms |
| 1060 | layoff | layoffs |
| 1061 | lightweight | lightweights |
| 1062 | merit | merits merited meriting |
| 1063 | necklace | necklaces |
| 1064 | needy | needier neediest |
| 1065 | overpay | overpaid overpaying overpays |
| 1066 | pamphlet | pamphlets |
| 1067 | partial | partials |
| 1068 | penalize | penalizes penalized penalizing penalise penalises penalised penalising |
| 1069 | pollute | pollutes polluted polluting |
| 1070 | prescribe | prescribes prescribed prescribing |
| 1071 | probable | |
| 1072 | prominent | |
| 1073 | rainfall | rainfalls |
| 1074 | relocation | relocations |
| 1075 | residence | residences |
| 1076 | retrieve | retrieves retrieved retrieving |
| 1077 | rider | riders |
| 1078 | rubber | rubbers |
| 1079 | rug | rugs |
| 1080 | salespeople | |
| 1081 | sharply | |
| 1082 | similarity | similarities |
| 1083 | someday | |
| 1084 | spectator | spectators |
| 1085 | stereo | stereos |
| 1086 | storeroom | storerooms |
| 1087 | subsidize | subsidizes subsidized subsidizing subsidise subsidises subsidised subsidising |
| 1088 | suspicious | |
| 1089 | tasty | tastier tastiest |
| 1090 | terrific | |
| 1091 | underground | |
| 1092 | unpaid | |
| 1093 | volleyball | volleyballs |
| 1094 | wheelchair | wheelchairs |
| 1095 | whoever | |
| 1096 | wool | wools |
| 1097 | wrinkle | wrinkles wrinkled wrinkling |
| 1098 | accuracy | accuracies |
| 1099 | anyhow | |
| 1100 | appetizer | appetizers |
| 1101 | arc | arcs arced arcing |
| 1102 | audition | auditions auditioned auditioning |
| 1103 | backpack | backpacks backpacked backpacking |
| 1104 | ballroom | ballrooms |
| 1105 | beneficial | |
| 1106 | biography | biographies |
| 1107 | bound | bounds bounded bounding |
| 1108 | broom | brooms |
| 1109 | cheeseburger | cheeseburgers |
| 1110 | chilly | chillier chilliest |
| 1111 | circus | circuses |
| 1112 | compliment | compliments complimented complimenting |
| 1113 | consignment | consignments |
| 1114 | continental | continentals |
| 1115 | copyright | copyrights copyrighted copyrighting |
| 1116 | countryside | |
| 1117 | demolish | demolishes demolished demolishing |
| 1118 | departmental | |
| 1119 | desperate | |
| 1120 | devastate | devastates devastated devastating |
| 1121 | diagnostic | diagnostics |
| 1122 | diagram | diagrams diagrammed diagramming |
| 1123 | diamond | diamonds |
| 1124 | disable | disables disabled disabling |
| 1125 | disgust | disgusts disgusted disgusting |
| 1126 | donut | donuts doughnuts doughnut |
| 1127 | doorman | doormen |
| 1128 | electronically | |
| 1129 | elevate | elevates elevated elevating |
| 1130 | engagement | engagements |
| 1131 | enrollment | enrollments enrolments enrolment |
| 1132 | euro | euros |
| 1133 | forbid | forbids forbade forbidding forbidden |
| 1134 | fork | forks forked forking |
| 1135 | foster | fosters fostered fostering |
| 1136 | getaway | getaways |
| 1137 | gossip | gossips gossiped gossiping |
| 1138 | hacker | hackers |
| 1139 | hardworking | |
| 1140 | impatient | |
| 1141 | indirect | |
| 1142 | interpreter | interpreters |
| 1143 | intersection | intersections |
| 1144 | irrelevant | |
| 1145 | jeans | jean |
| 1146 | journalism | |
| 1147 | letterhead | letterheads |
| 1148 | lifeguard | lifeguards |
| 1149 | modem | modems |
| 1150 | monument | monuments |
| 1151 | mosquito | mosquitoes |
| 1152 | obligate | obligated obligating obligates |
| 1153 | oblige | obliges obliged obliging |
| 1154 | occurrence | occurrences |
| 1155 | operational | |
| 1156 | outage | outages |
| 1157 | overcrowd | overcrowds overcrowded overcrowding overcrowdings |
| 1158 | paralegal | paralegals |
| 1159 | partially | |
| 1160 | pepper | peppers peppered peppering |
| 1161 | permanently | |
| 1162 | plow | plows plowed plowing plough ploughed ploughing ploughs |
| 1163 | query | queries queried querying |
| 1164 | railway | railways |
| 1165 | raincoat | raincoats |
| 1166 | reconsider | reconsiders reconsidered reconsidering |
| 1167 | redesign | redesigns redesigned redesigning |
| 1168 | rehearsal | rehearsals |
| 1169 | relaxation | relaxations |
| 1170 | repetition | repetitions |
| 1171 | retreat | retreats retreated retreating |
| 1172 | salon | salons |
| 1173 | satellite | satellites |
| 1174 | scenery | sceneries |
| 1175 | serial | serials |
| 1176 | sew | sews sewed sewing sewn |
| 1177 | sketch | sketches sketched sketching |
| 1178 | smartphone | smartphones |
| 1179 | soar | soars soared soaring |
| 1180 | stimulus | stimuli |
| 1181 | stockbroker | stockbrokers |
| 1182 | tablecloth | tablecloths |
| 1183 | thirsty | thirstier thirstiest |
| 1184 | thrill | thrills thrilled thrilling |
| 1185 | tile | tiles tiled tiling |
| 1186 | toiletry | toiletries |
| 1187 | trademark | trademarks |
| 1188 | tropical | |
| 1189 | tuna | tunas |
| 1190 | unemployed | |
| 1191 | validate | validates validated validating |
| 1192 | vanilla | |
| 1193 | willingness | |
| 1194 | wristwatch | wristwatches |
| 1195 | abide | abides abided abiding |
| 1196 | actively | |
| 1197 | allergy | allergies |
| 1198 | apprehensive | |
| 1199 | automotive | |
| 1200 | bacteria | |
| 1201 | broaden | broadens broadened broadening broadenings |
| 1202 | bulb | bulbs |
| 1203 | by-law | by-laws by law by laws |
| 1204 | cheer | cheers cheered cheering |
| 1205 | complication | complications |
| 1206 | considerate | |
| 1207 | daytime | daytimes |
| 1208 | decoration | decorations |
| 1209 | discard | discards discarded discarding |
| 1210 | drastically | |
| 1211 | erase | erases erased erasing |
| 1212 | explorer | explorers |
| 1213 | factual | |
| 1214 | fixture | fixtures |
| 1215 | footwear | |
| 1216 | genre | genres |
| 1217 | gymnasium | gymnasiums |
| 1218 | hereby | |
| 1219 | hesitation | hesitations |
| 1220 | homemade | |
| 1221 | hospitality | hospitalities |
| 1222 | incoming | incomings |
| 1223 | induction | inductions |
| 1224 | inspiration | inspirations |
| 1225 | intently | |
| 1226 | mower | mowers |
| 1227 | nutrition | |
| 1228 | restatement | restatements |
| 1229 | sedan | sedans |
| 1230 | sunscreen | sunscreens |
| 1231 | wellness | |
| 1232 | workbook | workbooks |
| 1233 | bookcase | bookcases |
| 1234 | cleanliness | |
| 1235 | contestant | contestants |
| 1236 | ethics | ethic |
| 1237 | healthful | |
| 1238 | inefficient | |
| 1239 | liter | liters litres litre |
| 1240 | recession | recessions |
| 1241 | timeline | timelines |
| 1242 | unreliable | |
| 1243 | acclaim | acclaims acclaimed acclaiming |
| 1244 | chronic | chronics |
| 1245 | deteriorate | deteriorates deteriorated deteriorating |
| 1246 | resemble | resembles resembled resembling |
| 1247 | unauthorized | |
| 1248 | violate | violates violated violating |
| 1249 | unplug | unplugs unplugged unplugging |
| 1250 | videoconference | videoconferences videoconferencing |
よくある質問
TSLだけを覚えればTOEICの英文は読めますか。
読めません。TSLは日常英語の頻出語をあえて外して作られたリストだからです。文章の骨組みを作る語は、NGSLなど別のリストが担当します。
TSLとNGSLはどのくらい重なりますか。
greencafe編集部が見出し語同士を突き合わせたところ、共通する語は0語でした。重ならないように作られているためです。
TSLはTOEIC公式の単語リストですか。
違います。コーパス研究をもとに第三者が公開したリストです。出題側が保証する範囲を示すものではありません。
1,250語を覚えると何点上がりますか。
言えません。リストの学習がスコアを何点押し上げるかを検証した実験は見当たらないためです。点数を約束する数字は出しません。
頻度順位が低い語は後回しでよいですか。
一概には言えません。TSLの順位はTOEICの英文の中での出やすさを示すもので、一般英語での珍しさとは別の物差しです。
参考文献
このページの解説が根拠にしている研究です。リンク先は原典の出版社ページ(DOI)で、greencafe 編集部とは無関係の外部サイトです。
- Browne, C. (2014). A new general service list: The better mousetrap we’ve been looking for? Vocabulary Learning and Instruction, 3(2), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.7820/vli.v03.2.browne
- Nation, I. S. P. (2006). How large a vocabulary is needed for reading and listening? Canadian Modern Language Review, 63(1), 59-82. https://doi.org/10.3138/cmlr.63.1.59
- Nation, I. S. P. (2016). Making and Using Word Lists for Language Learning and Testing. John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/z.208
- Schmitt, N., Jiang, X., & Grabe, W. (2011). The percentage of words known in a text and reading comprehension. The Modern Language Journal, 95(1), 26-43. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.2011.01146.x
ほかの単語リスト
- NGSL(日常英語の土台 2,809 語) — 日常英語の土台。まずここから
- BNC/COCA 最頻 3,000 語族 — 語族で数えた最頻 3,000。読解の土台
- AWL(学術英語 570 語族) — 学術英語。論文を読む・書く人向け
- 英単語リスト集(4 リストの比較と選び方)
